CVE-2026-40370 — SQL Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Executive Summary

External control of file name or path in SQL Server allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Overview

8.8

CVSS HIGH

Important

MS Severity

Not Exploited

MS Exploit Status

Less Likely

MS Exploit Likelihood

Category Remote Code Execution

Released May 12 2026

Last Updated May 12 2026

Publicly Disclosed No

CISA KEV Not Listed

Known Exploits None Known

EPSS Score 0.00555 — 0.41831 percentile

NVD CVSS 8.8 HIGH — matches MSRC

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

ATTACK VECTOR

Network

ATTACK COMPLEXITY

Low

PRIVILEGES REQUIRED

Low

USER INTERACTION

None

SCOPE

Unchanged

CONFIDENTIALITY

High

INTEGRITY

High

AVAILABILITY

High

EXPLOIT CODE MATURITY

Unproven

REMEDIATION LEVEL

Official Fix

REPORT CONFIDENCE

Confirmed

Temporal Score: 7.7

EPSS Score

0.00555

probability of exploitation in the next 30 days

0.41831 percentile - updated 2026-06-21

View on FIRST.org

Affected Products

10 affected products

Product	KB Article	Severity	Impact	Restart Required
Microsoft SQL Server 2016 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 3 (GDR)	`5089271 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2016 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 3 Azure Connect Feature Pack	`5089270 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2017 for x64-based Systems (CU 31)	`5090354 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2017 for x64-based Systems (GDR)	`5090347 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2019 for x64-based Systems (CU 32)	`5090407 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2019 for x64-based Systems (GDR)	`5090408 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2022 for x64-based Systems (CU 24)	`5089900 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2022 for x64-based Systems (GDR)	`5091158 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2025 for x64-based Systems (CU4)	`5089899 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2025 for x64-based Systems (GDR)	`5091223 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Maybe

Patches

10 patches

Article	Type	Restart
`5089271`	Security Update	Maybe
`5089270`	Security Update	Maybe
`5090354`	Security Update	Maybe
`5090347`	Security Update	Maybe
`5090407`	Security Update	Maybe
`5090408`	Security Update	Maybe
`5089900`	Security Update	Maybe
`5091158`	Security Update	Maybe
`5089899`	Security Update	Maybe
`5091223`	Security Update	Maybe

Known Exploits

No known exploits have been linked for this CVE yet. When available, exploit references will be sourced from public repositories and may be unverified, incomplete, or non-functional. Always review code carefully before use in any environment.

Acknowledgments

Piotr Bazydło (@chudypb)

References

MSRC Advisory MITRE NVD