Important CVSS 7.8 EPSS 0.00378 2025-12 archive

Executive Summary

Improper input validation in Windows Installer allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Overview

7.8
CVSS HIGH
Important
MS Severity
Not Exploited
MS Exploit Status
Less Likely
MS Exploit Likelihood
Category Elevation of Privilege
Released Dec 9 2025
Last Updated Dec 9 2025
Publicly Disclosed No
CISA KEV Not Listed
Known Exploits None Known
EPSS Score 0.00378 — 0.30436 percentile
NVD CVSS 7.8 HIGH — matches MSRC

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
ATTACK VECTOR
Local
ATTACK COMPLEXITY
Low
PRIVILEGES REQUIRED
Low
USER INTERACTION
None
SCOPE
Unchanged
CONFIDENTIALITY
High
INTEGRITY
High
AVAILABILITY
High
EXPLOIT CODE MATURITY
Unproven
REMEDIATION LEVEL
Official Fix
REPORT CONFIDENCE
Confirmed
Temporal Score: 6.8

EPSS Score

0.00378
probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
0.30436 percentile - updated 2026-07-25
View on FIRST.org

Affected Products

21 affected products
Product KB Article Severity Impact Restart Required
Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 5071543 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems 5071543 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 5071544 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems 5071544 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems 5071546 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5071546 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems 5071546 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems 5071546 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5071546 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems 5071546 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5071417 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems 5071417 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5072033 (Security Update) 5072014 (Security Hotpatch Update) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068861 5068966 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26100.7462 10.0.26100.7392 Yes None Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 5072033 (Security Update) 5072014 (Security Hotpatch Update) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068861 5068966 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26100.7462 10.0.26100.7392 Yes None Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5072033 (Security Update) 5072014 (Security Hotpatch Update) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068861 5068966 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26200.7462 10.0.26200.7392 Yes None Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems 5072033 (Security Update) 5072014 (Security Hotpatch Update) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068861 5068966 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26200.7462 10.0.26200.7392 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 5071504 (Monthly Rollup) 5071507 (Security Only) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068906 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23666 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) 5071504 (Monthly Rollup) 5071507 (Security Only) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068906 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23666 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 5071504 (Monthly Rollup) 5071507 (Security Only) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068906 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23666 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) 5071504 (Monthly Rollup) 5071507 (Security Only) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068906 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23666 Yes None Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 5071501 (Monthly Rollup) 5071506 (Security Only) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068904 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.1.7601.28064 Yes None Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) 5071501 (Monthly Rollup) 5071506 (Security Only) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068904 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.1.7601.28064 Yes None Windows Server 2012 5071505 (Monthly Rollup) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 5071505 (Monthly Rollup) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows Server 2012 R2 5071503 (Monthly Rollup) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) 5071503 (Monthly Rollup) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows Server 2016 5071543 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 5071543 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows Server 2019 5071544 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 5071544 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes
Windows Server 2022 5071547 (Security Update) 5071413 (Security Hotpatch Update) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068787 5068840 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.20348.4529 10.0.20348.4467 Yes None Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) 5071547 (Security Update) 5071413 (Security Hotpatch Update) Important Elevation of Privilege 5068787 5068840 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.20348.4529 10.0.20348.4467 Yes None Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 5071542 (Security Update) Important Elevation of Privilege Yes

Patches

7 patches
Article Type Restart
5071543 Security Update Yes
5071544 Security Update Yes
5071546 Security Update Yes
5071417 Security Update Yes
5071505 Monthly Rollup Yes
5071503 Monthly Rollup Yes
5071542 Security Update Yes

Known Exploits

Acknowledgments