CVE-2025-54100 — PowerShell Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Executive Summary

Improper neutralization of special elements used in a command ('command injection') in Windows PowerShell allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally.

Overview

7.8

CVSS HIGH

Important

MS Severity

Not Exploited

MS Exploit Status

Less Likely

MS Exploit Likelihood

Category Remote Code Execution

Weakness CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')

Released Dec 9 2025

Last Updated Dec 9 2025

Publicly Disclosed Yes

CISA KEV Not Listed

Known Exploits None Known

EPSS Score 0.01523 — 0.72007 percentile

NVD CVSS 7.8 HIGH — matches MSRC

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

ATTACK VECTOR

Local

ATTACK COMPLEXITY

Low

PRIVILEGES REQUIRED

None

USER INTERACTION

Required

SCOPE

Unchanged

CONFIDENTIALITY

High

INTEGRITY

High

AVAILABILITY

High

EXPLOIT CODE MATURITY

Unproven

REMEDIATION LEVEL

Official Fix

REPORT CONFIDENCE

Confirmed

Temporal Score: 6.8

EPSS Score

0.01523

probability of exploitation in the next 30 days

0.72007 percentile - updated 2026-07-25

View on FIRST.org

Affected Products

21 affected products

Product	KB Article	Severity	Impact	Restart Required
Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems	`5071543 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems	`5071543 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems	`5071544 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems	`5071544 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems	`5071546 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems	`5071546 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems	`5071546 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems	`5071546 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems	`5071546 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems	`5071546 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems	`5071417 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems	`5071417 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5072033 (Security Update) 5074204 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068861 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26100.7462 10.0.26100.7392 Yes None Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 5072033 (Security Update) 5074204 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068861 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26100.7462 10.0.26100.7392 Yes None Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5072033 (Security Update) 5074204 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution 5068861 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26200.7462 10.0.26100.7392 Yes None Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems 5072033 (Security Update) 5074204 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068861 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26200.7462 10.0.26100.7392 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 5071504 (Monthly Rollup) 5071507 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068906 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23666 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) 5071504 (Monthly Rollup) 5071507 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068906 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23666 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 5071504 (Monthly Rollup) 5071507 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068906 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23666 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) 5071504 (Monthly Rollup) 5071507 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068906 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23666 Yes None Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 5071501 (Monthly Rollup) 5071506 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068904 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.1.7601.28064 Yes None Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) 5071501 (Monthly Rollup) 5071506 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068904 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.1.7601.28064 Yes None Windows Server 2012	`5071505 (Monthly Rollup)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)	`5071505 (Monthly Rollup)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2012 R2	`5071503 (Monthly Rollup)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)	`5071503 (Monthly Rollup)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2016	`5071543 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)	`5071543 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2019	`5071544 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)	`5071544 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2022 5071547 (Security Update) 5074353 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068787 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.20348.4529 10.0.20348.4467 Yes None Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) 5071547 (Security Update) 5074353 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5068787 Base: 7.8 Temporal: 6.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.20348.4529 10.0.20348.4467 Yes None Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)	`5071542 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes

Patches

7 patches

Article	Type	Restart
`5071543`	Security Update	Yes
`5071544`	Security Update	Yes
`5071546`	Security Update	Yes
`5071417`	Security Update	Yes
`5071505`	Monthly Rollup	Yes
`5071503`	Monthly Rollup	Yes
`5071542`	Security Update	Yes

Known Exploits

No known exploits have been linked for this CVE yet. When available, exploit references will be sourced from public repositories and may be unverified, incomplete, or non-functional. Always review code carefully before use in any environment.

Acknowledgments

Osman Eren Güneş
Melih Kaan Yıldız
Anonymous
Pēteris Hermanis Osipovs
DeadOverflow
Justin Necke

References

MSRC Advisory MITRE NVD