CVE-2025-59499 — Microsoft SQL Server Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Executive Summary

Improper neutralization of special elements used in an sql command ('sql injection') in SQL Server allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Overview

8.8

CVSS HIGH

Important

MS Severity

Not Exploited

MS Exploit Status

Less Likely

MS Exploit Likelihood

Category Elevation of Privilege

Weakness CWE-89: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

Released Nov 11 2025

Last Updated Nov 11 2025

Publicly Disclosed No

CISA KEV Not Listed

Known Exploits None Known

EPSS Score 0.01101 — 0.62275 percentile

NVD CVSS 8.8 HIGH — matches MSRC

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

ATTACK VECTOR

Network

ATTACK COMPLEXITY

Low

PRIVILEGES REQUIRED

Low

USER INTERACTION

None

SCOPE

Unchanged

CONFIDENTIALITY

High

INTEGRITY

High

AVAILABILITY

High

EXPLOIT CODE MATURITY

Unproven

REMEDIATION LEVEL

Official Fix

REPORT CONFIDENCE

Confirmed

Temporal Score: 7.7

EPSS Score

0.01101

probability of exploitation in the next 30 days

0.62275 percentile - updated 2026-07-25

View on FIRST.org

Affected Products

8 affected products

Product	KB Article	Severity	Impact	Restart Required
Microsoft SQL Server 2016 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 3 (GDR)	`5068401 (Security Update)`	Important	Elevation of Privilege	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2016 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 3 Azure Connect Feature Pack	`5068400 (Security Update)`	Important	Elevation of Privilege	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2017 for x64-based Systems (CU 31)	`5068402 (Security Update)`	Important	Elevation of Privilege	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2017 for x64-based Systems (GDR)	`5068403 (Security Update)`	Important	Elevation of Privilege	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2019 for x64-based Systems (CU 32)	`5068404 (Security Update)`	Important	Elevation of Privilege	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2019 for x64-based Systems (GDR)	`5068405 (Security Update)`	Important	Elevation of Privilege	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2022 for x64-based Systems (CU 21)	`5068406 (Security Update)`	Important	Elevation of Privilege	Maybe
Microsoft SQL Server 2022 for x64-based Systems (GDR)	`5068407 (Security Update)`	Important	Elevation of Privilege	Maybe

Patches

8 patches

Article	Type	Restart
`5068401`	Security Update	Maybe
`5068400`	Security Update	Maybe
`5068402`	Security Update	Maybe
`5068403`	Security Update	Maybe
`5068404`	Security Update	Maybe
`5068405`	Security Update	Maybe
`5068406`	Security Update	Maybe
`5068407`	Security Update	Maybe

Known Exploits

No known exploits have been linked for this CVE yet. When available, exploit references will be sourced from public repositories and may be unverified, incomplete, or non-functional. Always review code carefully before use in any environment.

Acknowledgments

Fabiano Amorim

References

MSRC Advisory MITRE NVD