CVE-2025-55236 — Graphics Kernel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Executive Summary

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Graphics Kernel allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally.

Overview

7.8

CVSS HIGH

Critical

MS Severity

Not Exploited

MS Exploit Status

Less Likely

MS Exploit Likelihood

Category Remote Code Execution

Weakness CWE-367: Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition

Released Sep 9 2025

Last Updated Sep 9 2025

Publicly Disclosed No

CISA KEV Not Listed

Known Exploits None Known

EPSS Score 0.00393 — 0.31987 percentile

NVD CVSS 7.8 HIGH — differs from MSRC

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

ATTACK VECTOR

Local

ATTACK COMPLEXITY

Low

PRIVILEGES REQUIRED

Low

USER INTERACTION

None

SCOPE

Unchanged

CONFIDENTIALITY

High

INTEGRITY

High

AVAILABILITY

High

EXPLOIT CODE MATURITY

Unproven

REMEDIATION LEVEL

Official Fix

REPORT CONFIDENCE

Confirmed

Temporal Score: 6.4

EPSS Score

0.00393

probability of exploitation in the next 30 days

0.31987 percentile - updated 2026-07-25

View on FIRST.org

Affected Products

15 affected products

Product	KB Article	Severity	Impact	Restart Required
Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems	`5065428 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems	`5065428 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems	`5065429 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems	`5065429 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems	`5065429 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems	`5065429 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems	`5065429 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems	`5065429 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 11 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems	`5065431 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 11 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems	`5065431 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems	`5065431 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems	`5065431 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5065426 (Security Update) 5065474 (SecurityHotpatchUpdate) Critical Remote Code Execution 5063878 5064010 Base: 7.3 Temporal: 6.4 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26100.6584 10.0.26100.6508 Yes None Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 5065426 (Security Update) 5065474 (SecurityHotpatchUpdate) Critical Remote Code Execution 5063878 5064010 Base: 7.3 Temporal: 6.4 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26100.6584 10.0.26100.6508 Yes None Windows Server 2019	`5065428 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)	`5065428 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2022 5065432 (Security Update) 5065306 (SecurityHotpatchUpdate) Critical Remote Code Execution 5063880 5063812 Base: 7.3 Temporal: 6.4 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.20348.4171 10.0.20348.4106 Yes None Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) 5065432 (Security Update) 5065306 (SecurityHotpatchUpdate) Critical Remote Code Execution 5063880 5063812 Base: 7.3 Temporal: 6.4 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.20348.4171 10.0.20348.4106 Yes None Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)	`5065425 (Security Update)`	Critical	Remote Code Execution	Yes

Patches

4 patches

Article	Type	Restart
`5065428`	Security Update	Yes
`5065429`	Security Update	Yes
`5065431`	Security Update	Yes
`5065425`	Security Update	Yes

Known Exploits

No known exploits have been linked for this CVE yet. When available, exploit references will be sourced from public repositories and may be unverified, incomplete, or non-functional. Always review code carefully before use in any environment.

Acknowledgments

None

References

MSRC Advisory MITRE NVD