Important CVSS 7.5 EPSS 0.0106 2025-05 archive

Executive Summary

Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows Fundamentals allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network.

Overview

7.5
CVSS HIGH
Important
MS Severity
Not Exploited
MS Exploit Status
Less Likely
MS Exploit Likelihood
Category Remote Code Execution
Released May 13 2025
Last Updated May 13 2025
Publicly Disclosed No
CISA KEV Not Listed
Known Exploits None Known
EPSS Score 0.0106 — 0.61049 percentile
NVD CVSS 7.5 HIGH — matches MSRC

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
ATTACK VECTOR
Network
ATTACK COMPLEXITY
High
PRIVILEGES REQUIRED
Low
USER INTERACTION
None
SCOPE
Unchanged
CONFIDENTIALITY
High
INTEGRITY
High
AVAILABILITY
High
EXPLOIT CODE MATURITY
Unproven
REMEDIATION LEVEL
Official Fix
REPORT CONFIDENCE
Confirmed
Temporal Score: 6.5

EPSS Score

0.0106
probability of exploitation in the next 30 days
0.61049 percentile - updated 2026-07-25
View on FIRST.org

Affected Products

26 affected products
Product KB Article Severity Impact Restart Required
Windows 10 for 32-bit Systems 5058387 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 for x64-based Systems 5058387 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 Version 1607 for 32-bit Systems 5058383 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 Version 1607 for x64-based Systems 5058383 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 5058392 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems 5058392 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems 5058379 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5058379 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems 5058379 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems 5058379 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5058379 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems 5058379 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 11 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5058405 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 11 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems 5058405 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5058405 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems 5058405 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 5058411 (Security Update) 5058497 (SecurityHotpatchUpdate) Important Remote Code Execution 5055523 Base: 7.5 Temporal: 6.5 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26100.4061 10.0.26100.3981 Yes None Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 5058411 (Security Update) 5058497 (SecurityHotpatchUpdate) Important Remote Code Execution 5055523 Base: 7.5 Temporal: 6.5 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.26100.4061 10.0.26100.3981 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 5058449 (Monthly Rollup) 5058429 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5055609 Base: 7.5 Temporal: 6.5 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23279 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) 5058449 (Monthly Rollup) 5058429 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5055609 Base: 7.5 Temporal: 6.5 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23279 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 5058449 (Monthly Rollup) 5058429 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5055609 Base: 7.5 Temporal: 6.5 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23279 Yes None Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) 5058449 (Monthly Rollup) 5058429 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5055609 Base: 7.5 Temporal: 6.5 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.23279 Yes None Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 5058430 (Monthly Rollup) 5058454 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5055561 Base: 7.5 Temporal: 6.5 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.1.7601.27729 Yes None Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) 5058430 (Monthly Rollup) 5058454 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5055561 Base: 7.5 Temporal: 6.5 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.1.7601.27729 Yes None Windows Server 2012 5058451 (Monthly Rollup) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 5058451 (Monthly Rollup) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows Server 2012 R2 5058403 (Monthly Rollup) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) 5058403 (Monthly Rollup) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows Server 2016 5058383 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 5058383 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows Server 2019 5058392 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 5058392 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows Server 2022 5058385 (Security Update) 5058500 (SecurityHotpatchUpdate) Important Remote Code Execution 5055526 Base: 7.5 Temporal: 6.5 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 10.0.20348.3692 10.0.20348.3630 Yes None Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) 5058385 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes
Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 5058384 (Security Update) Important Remote Code Execution Yes

Patches

9 patches
Article Type Restart
5058387 Security Update Yes
5058383 Security Update Yes
5058392 Security Update Yes
5058379 Security Update Yes
5058405 Security Update Yes
5058451 Monthly Rollup Yes
5058403 Monthly Rollup Yes
5058385 Security Update Yes
5058384 Security Update Yes

Known Exploits

Acknowledgments

Yarin Aharoni with SafeBreach