CVE-2023-28278 — Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Executive Summary

None

Overview

6.6

CVSS MEDIUM

Important

MS Severity

Not Exploited

MS Exploit Status

Less Likely

MS Exploit Likelihood

Category Remote Code Execution

Released Apr 11 2023

Last Updated Apr 11 2023

Publicly Disclosed No

CISA KEV Not Listed

Known Exploits None Known

EPSS Score 0.00853 — 0.53447 percentile

NVD CVSS 6.6 MEDIUM — matches MSRC

CVSS Vector

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C

ATTACK VECTOR

Network

ATTACK COMPLEXITY

High

PRIVILEGES REQUIRED

High

USER INTERACTION

None

SCOPE

Unchanged

CONFIDENTIALITY

High

INTEGRITY

High

AVAILABILITY

High

EXPLOIT CODE MATURITY

Unproven

REMEDIATION LEVEL

Official Fix

REPORT CONFIDENCE

Confirmed

Temporal Score: 5.8

EPSS Score

0.00853

probability of exploitation in the next 30 days

0.53447 percentile - updated 2026-06-21

View on FIRST.org

Affected Products

6 affected products

Product	KB Article	Severity	Impact	Restart Required
Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 5025271 (Monthly Rollup) 5025273 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5023755 Base: 6.6 Temporal: 5.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.22015 Yes 5025271 5025273 Windows Server 2008 for 32-bit Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) 5025271 (Monthly Rollup) 5025273 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5023755 Base: 6.6 Temporal: 5.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.22015 Yes 5025271 5025273 Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 5025271 (Monthly Rollup) 5025273 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5023755 Base: 6.6 Temporal: 5.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.22015 Yes 5025271 5025273 Windows Server 2008 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) 5025271 (Monthly Rollup) 5025273 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5023755 Base: 6.6 Temporal: 5.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.0.6003.22015 Yes 5025271 5025273 Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 5025279 (Monthly Rollup) 5025277 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5023769 Base: 6.6 Temporal: 5.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.1.7601.26466 Yes 5025279 5025277 Windows Server 2008 R2 for x64-based Systems Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) 5025279 (Monthly Rollup) 5025277 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5023769 Base: 6.6 Temporal: 5.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.1.7601.26466 Yes 5025279 5025277 Windows Server 2012 5025287 (Monthly Rollup) 5025272 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5023769 Base: 6.6 Temporal: 5.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.2.9200.24216 Yes None Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 5025287 (Monthly Rollup) 5025272 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5023769 Base: 6.6 Temporal: 5.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.2.9200.24216 Yes None Windows Server 2012 R2 5025285 (Monthly Rollup) 5025288 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5023765 Base: 6.6 Temporal: 5.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.3.9600.20919 Yes None Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) 5025285 (Monthly Rollup) 5025288 (Security Only) Important Remote Code Execution 5023765 Base: 6.6 Temporal: 5.8 Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C 6.3.9600.20919 Yes None Windows Server 2016	`5025228 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)	`5025228 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2019	`5025229 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)	`5025229 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2022	`5025230 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes
Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation)	`5025230 (Security Update)`	Important	Remote Code Execution	Yes

Patches

3 patches

Article	Type	Restart
`5025228`	Security Update	Yes
`5025229`	Security Update	Yes
`5025230`	Security Update	Yes

Known Exploits

No known exploits have been linked for this CVE yet. When available, exploit references will be sourced from public repositories and may be unverified, incomplete, or non-functional. Always review code carefully before use in any environment.

Acknowledgments

George Hughey

References

MSRC Advisory MITRE NVD